Using mobile phones to improve educational outcomes An analysis of evidence from Asia Valk. Using Mobile Phones to Improve Educational Outcomes An Analysis of Evidence from AsiaPrint VersionMarch 2. Using Mobile Phones to Improve Educational Outcomes An Analysis of Evidence from Asia. John Harmen Valk, Ahmed T. February 2008 TechnologyEnhanced Learning in Developing Nations A review. Shalni Gulati University of Oxford, UK. Abstract. Learning using technologies. Gmail is email thats intuitive, efficient, and useful. GB of storage, less spam, and mobile access. Open High School Program Modules In The Philippines' title='Open High School Program Modules In The Philippines' />Messages page 2. UAP National Board page 29. Officers and Jury College of Fellows page 33. Program page 34. NatCon OrCom page 49. ConEx OrCom page 54. Office of the. Senior High School Specialized Subject Shielded Metal Arc Welding Senior High School Specialized Subject Electrical Installation and Maintenance. Rashid, and Laurent Elder. Pan Asia Networking, IDRC, Canada. Abstract. Despite improvements in educational indicators, such as enrolment, significant challenges remain with regard to the delivery of quality education in developing countries, particularly in rural and remote regions. In the attempt to find viable solutions to these challenges, much hope has been placed in new information and communication technologies ICTs, mobile phones being one example. This article reviews the evidence of the role of mobile phone facilitated m. Learning in contributing to improved educational outcomes in the developing countries of Asia by exploring the results of six m. How Do I Uninstall Download Beast For Kodi. Learning pilot projects that took place in the Philippines, Mongolia, Thailand, India, and Bangladesh. In particular, this article examines the extent to which the use of mobile phones helped to improve educational outcomes in two specific ways 1 in improving access to education, and 2 in promoting new learning. Analysis of the projects indicates that while there is important evidence of mobile phones facilitating increased access, much less evidence exists as to how mobiles promote new learning. Keywords Mobile phones mobile learning distance learning educational outcomes information and communication technologies new learning Introduction. For quite some time, the international development community has emphasized the paramount role of education in bringing about sustainable socio economic development in the South. Goal 2 of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals MDGs aims to achieve universal primary education for children everywhere, boys and girls alike, by 2. Significant challenges remain, however. For example, in southern Asia the enrolment ratio has reached 9. Similar challenges confront secondary and tertiary education. In developing countries, on average, only 5. UN, 2. 00. 8, pp. Additionally, more than one third of the worlds adult population most living in the developing world has no access to printed knowledge, new skills, and technologies that could improve the quality of their lives Dhanarajan, 2. Inequalities in access to education continue to pose major barriers in the developing world, and the delivery of cost effective and quality education remains a persistent problem. In the attempt to find viable solutions to these problems, much hope has been placed in new information and communication technologies ICTs. It is believed that ICTs can empower teachers and learners by facilitating communication and interaction, offering new modes of delivery, and generally transforming teaching and learning processes. Of the many different forms of ICTs, mobile phones are thought, for several reasons, to be a particularly suitable tool for advancing education in developing regions. First, mobiles phones are the most prevalent ICT in the developing world, and the penetration rate is rising rapidly. In Asia, mobile penetration has doubled within a short span of time in 2. Orbicom, 2. 00. 7. Also relevant is the fact that mobile phone ownership is increasingly more common in the lower socio economic segments of society Samrajiva Zainudeen, 2. Second, mobile phones are an especially good leapfrogger since they use the radio spectrum. There is, therefore, less need for new physical infrastructure such as roads and phone wires, and base stations can be powered via generators in places where there is no electrical grid Economist, 2. Finally, in addition to voice communication, mobile phones allow the transfer of data, which can be particularly useful for delivering educational content over long distances. The concept of mobile learning m. Learning understood for the purposes of this article as learning facilitated by mobile devices is gaining traction in the developing world. The number of projects exploring the potential of mobile phone facilitated m. Learning in the developing world is steadily growing, spurred in part by the use of mobile technology in the educational sector in the developed world which has expanded from short term trials on a small scale to large scale integration. However, there remains a lack of analysis that brings together the findings of the rising number of m. Learning projects in the developing world. With the increasing attention now being given to the role of mobiles in the educational sector in developing countries, there is a need at this juncture to take stock of the available evidence of the educational benefits that mobile phones provide in the developing world. Consequently, this article explores the results of six m. Learning projects that took place in several developing countries in Asia the Philippines, Mongolia, Thailand, India, and Bangladesh both because most developing country m. Learning interventions are being undertaken in Asia and because developments in Asia seem to indicate that the region could become the global leader in educational uses of mobiles Motlik, 2. In exploring how mobile phone facilitated m. Learning contributes to improved educational outcomes, this article examines two specific issues 1 the role of mobiles in improving access to education, and 2 the role of mobiles in promoting new learning, those new learning processes and new instructional methods currently stressed in educational theory. Of note, the projects reviewed deal with both formal and non formal education as defined by Dighe, Hakeem, and Shaeffer 2. The structure of the article continues as follows. After the introduction, the article engages with the literature that discusses how mobile technology can address the problems of access confronting the educational sector as well as mobile technologys role in relation to new learning. The article then examines six pilot projects that involved the use of mobile phones for education in developing countries in Asia, analyzing the pilot projects in order to determine whether the supposed benefits that the literature outlines hold true in the developing world. The article concludes with a discussion of the potential of mobile phone facilitated m. Learning as well as with indications for possible future areas of research. Theories of Mobile Learning. The literature on m. Learning points to a variety of benefits that mobile phones could have on the educational sector. For heuristic purposes, the impacts of mobile phones on educational outcomes that are identified in the m. Learning literature can be classified into two broad categories. On the one hand, mobiles supposedly impact educational outcomes by improving access to education while maintaining the quality of education delivered. On the other hand, mobiles purportedly impact educational outcomes by facilitating alternative learning processes and instructional methods collectively known as new learning. The Role of Mobiles in Improving Access to Education. In theory, m. Learning increases access for those who are mobile or cannot physically attend learning institutions those who would not otherwise be able to follow courses in a traditional educational setting due to the constraints of work, household activities, or other competing demands on their time.